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Dictionary

APXPS

Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Used for analysing a material’s surface chemistry under realistic conditions. It can measure the elemental composition and the electronic and chemical state of a material’s atoms in an ambient pressure environment.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
SPECIES, HIPPIE

ARPES

Angle Resolved Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Used for studying the electronic structure of surfaces and materials and to map the dispersion of electronic bands near the Fermi level.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
HIPPIE, Bloch

BioSAXS

Biological Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Small Angle X-ray Scattering that, thanks to specific sample environments, is often used for obtaining information on the shape and size of biological macromolecules in solution.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
CoSAXS

Fragment Screening

Fragment Screening

Screening fragment libraries for specific binding to a biological target, such as probing the functional sites of target proteins or finding starting points for developing novel pharmaceutical substances.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
BioMAX

MX

Macromolecular X-Ray Crystallography

Used for determining the atomic, three-dimensional structures of large biological molecules and understand the structure-function relationship.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
MicroMAX, BioMAX

Ptychography

X-ray Ptychography

Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy plus a 2D detector used to gain phase information of the scattered/diffracted beam from suitable samples, which allows for increased resolution on small scanning areas.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
NanoMAX, SoftiMAX

PXRD

Powder X-ray Diffraction

Powder X-ray Diffraction is used for determining the atomic structure and identifying phases of materials. Suitable for in-situ and in-operando experiments of e.g. chemical processes.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
DanMAX

SAXS

Small-Angle X-ray Scattering

Suitable for investigating the structure of partially ordered materials and systems, and characterising structures at various length scales and fast measurement times.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
CoSAXS, ForMAX
DESY
MINAXS P03

STXM

Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy

Used for generating microscopic images of thin samples by raster-scanning them in an X-ray beam and measuring the flux of transmitted X-rays. The X-ray energy is scanned over an elemental absorption edge for chemical speciation.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
SoftiMAX

Tomography

X-ray Tomography

A non-destructive technique used for constructing three-dimensional images from two-dimensional projections to characterise the internal structures of materials.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
NanoMAX, ForMAX, DanMAX
PETRA III at DESY
P05 – Imaging Beamline (IBL)

WAXS

Wide-Angle X-ray Scattering

Analogous to X-ray Powder Diffraction (XPD), it is used for investigating partially ordered materials and providing information about crystallization processes.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
ForMAX

XANES

X-ray Absorption Near-Edge Structure

Used for obtaining chemical information about the bonding and oxidation state of individual atoms in deeper layers of samples.

XAS

X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy

Used for obtaining information about chemical and structural properties of specific elements in materials such as liquids, gases, and solids.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
Balder, SPECIES, Veritas, MAXPEEM, FlexPES
PETRA III
Advanced and Applied X-ray absorption spectroscopy beamlines P64 & P65

XPEEM

X-ray Photoemission Electron Microscopy

An XPEEM (X-ray Photoemission Electron Microscope) can perform micro-XPS, micro-XAS, micro-ARPES, XMCD and XMLD measurements.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
MAXPEEM

XPS

X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Used for analysing a material’s surface chemistry. It can measure the elemental composition and the electronic and chemical state of a material’s atoms.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
SPECIES, HIPPIE, FlexPES
PETRA III at DESY
Hard X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy P22

XRD

X-ray Powder Diffraction

Used for atomic structure determination of materials, e.g. pharmaceuticals, catalysts, battery materials, and proteins.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
DanMAX
DESY
Powder Diffraction and Total Scattering Beamline P02.1

XRD Diffraction

X-ray Diffraction

Used for atomic structure determination of materials, e.g. pharmaceuticals, catalysts, battery materials, and proteins.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
NanoMAX, ForMAX, DanMAX, Balder

XRF

X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy

Used for studying the elemental composition of materials with spatial resolution.

Facility
Offered at beamlines
MAX IV Laboratory
Balder, NanoMAX, SoftiMAX